"Some of what happiness researchers now think they know:
- Everyone seems to have a pre-programmed "set point" for happiness -- a level of happiness they're genetically programmed for, and to which they'll always tend to return. There isn't much that can be done to change this set point.
- Genetics and inheritance seem to be responsible for as much as half your tendency towards happiness or unhappiness.
- Even huge positive changes in a person's life -- getting married, winning the lottery -- only affect happiness levels for about six months.
- The rich are certainly happier than the abject poor. But for most people, more money doesn't tend to lead to much additional happiness, at least once basic material needs have been met.
- Three of the hardest things to cope with emotionally are widowhood (or widowerhood), longterm unemployment, and caring for a sick loved one.
- The best way to deal with a case of severe, long-lasting unhappiness is to take a mood-boosting pill. In many cases, a six-month course of treatment will effectively jolt the depressed person out of his or her rut
- Pursuing sex and status don't make people happy. They're things that we, being human, do -- but they don't necessarily lead to happiness
- People who are forever chasing after happiness -- who crave blasts of euphoria -- tend to be much less happy than people who are willing to let life (and their moods) take their own course.
Some tips for being happy:
If your job isn't especially rewarding, pursue a hobby you love, one that delivers experiences of "flow.
Don't focus too much on making money and buying things.Maintain a wide variety of friendships, and don't spend too much time alone.
- Cultivate gratitude and forgiveness, including forgiveness towards yourself
Don't try to feel great all the time -- that's not the way life works.
Hey, why aren't these facts and tips better-known than they are? Geoffrey Miller has a hunch:
Popular culture is dominated by advertisements that offer the following promise: buy our good or service, and your subjective well-being will increase. The happiness research demonstrates that most such promises are empty ... Some journalists may have realized that the happiness research challenges the consumerist dream-world upon which their advertising revenues depend their failure to report on the implications of the research for consumerism is probably no accident. They are in the business of selling readers to advertisers, not telling readers that advertising is irrelevant to their subjective well-being."
Επί τη ευκαιρία, θυμήθηκα κι άλλο ένα post, του Bryan Caplan, από το Marginal Revolution (http://www.marginalrevolution.com)
"Gratitude Journals and Loewenstein's Challenge
Background: George Loewenstein is one of the leading figures in Economics and Psychology.
While walking in Pittsburgh one afternoon, Loewenstein tells me that he doesn't see how anybody could study happiness and not find himself leaning left politically; the data make it all too clear that boosting the living standards of those already comfortable, such as through lower taxes, does little to improve their levels of well-being, whereas raising the living standards of the impoverished makes an enormous difference.
Of course, you don't need Loewenstein to make this point. You could just listen to my favorite song by Johnny Cash, featured in the so-good-it-hurts soundtrack for Kill Bill, Volume 2:
How many times have
You heard someone say
If I had his money
I could do things my way
But little they know
That it's so hard to find
One rich man in ten
With a satisfied mind
...
Money can't buy back
Your youth when you're old
Or a friend when you're lonely
Or a love that's grown cold
The wealthiest person
Is a pauper at times
Compared to the man
With a satisfied mind
The answer to Loewenstein's challenge can be found in the growing psychological literature on gratitude. Several interesting experiments ask subjects to keep a "gratitude journal." Main idea: Every day, write down things you are grateful for. Depending on the experiment, control groups either do nothing, or keep an "ingratitude" diary, or write down a random childhood memory. The main finding is that keeping a gratitude journal makes people happier than the other treatments.
So what? Almost all redistributive rhetoric urges people to dwell on the negative - you or other people aren't getting what is due. This in turn makes people want to "do something" about the problem. And you can rest assured that no matter how much redistribution there is, egalitarians will never say "OK, life's fair now. We're done complaining." No, what they foster is literally a lifestyle of ingratitude - a recipe for unhappiness.
If we really want to make people happier, we would do almost the opposite. Tell people to be grateful for what the market gives them, and try to emulate more successful people instead of envying them. Children hear this all the time, and it is damn good advice. Adults should practice what they preach."